[Miopi]

Я слышал что Израилские ученые нашли ген который отвечает за близорукость (точне не помню но кажется ген назвалас Lepler1) и досихпор о них нечего не слышал.Мне интиресно что сними случилос они продалжает иследованю?

[Ophthalmist]

О генетике миопии из последних обзоров.

The cause(s) of myopia and the efforts that have been made to prevent it (Clin Exp Optom 2012; 95: 572–582)]Genetics and environment The study of the genetics of myopia has a long and prolific history that usually involves the study of twins, both monozygotic (identical) and dizygotic (nonidentical) twins, the genealogical study of familial incidence of myopia, or the study of the distribution of refractive errors in isolated communities and a variety of ethnic populations. Research on twins as a method of evaluating the relative importance of genetics versus environment goes back to an 1875 report by Galton,110 in which the terms ‘nature’ and ‘nurture’ were first coined.
Reviews of much of the earlier research with genetic (as well as environmental) impact are provided by Goldschmidt111and Curtin.41 Both authors weigh the strengths of the genetic versus environment divide but both authors indicate a preference for a genetic cause of myopia, at least as far as low to moderate amounts are concerned. At least as far back as 1970, Leary112 made an argument for accepting that both heredity and environment are involved in the development of myopia and this has been the thrust of more recent work. This point was also made by Mutti, Zadnik and Adams8 in noting the need to determine the relative contributions of each of these two influences.
The importance of genetics is emphasised by the results of a study carried out on 506 monozygotic and dizygotic twins.113 In 2008, two additional twin studies by Dirani, Shekar and Baird114,115 involving 1,224 twins, demonstrate that genetics plays a role even in myopia that develops late in life (adult-onset myopia) and that level of education is also related, in part, to genetics and should not be considered to be solely an environmental factor. Recent research116,117 has explored the relationship with parental myopia and shows clearly that the risk of developing myopia is greater when both parents are myopic but less when one parent is myopic. Finally in 2011, an elegant approach by Chen and colleagues118 used selective breeding and the chick form deprivation model to show that the susceptibility to environmental influences such as form deprivation is strongly genetic. The association between near work and myopia has a long history, going back to the time of Donders and Helmholtz and this association continues to be a common topic of investigation. On the basis of refractive data for 971 individuals from three isolated communities in Newfoundland, Canada, Richler and Bear119 concluded that exposure to formal education is associated with increased myopia. A similar result was found by Alsbirk120 among West Greenland Eskimos and among 1,005 young Singaporean children, whose parents completed questionnaires concerning each child’s activity in such areas as reading and computer and video games.121 In contrast, a 2011 study122 involving 1,318 children, some of whom were myopes and others emmetropes, did not show a difference in near work activity before the onset of myopia, suggesting that near work does not play an important causative role in the onset of myopia; however, those who became myopic were less involved in sports and outdoor activity, both before and after the onset of myopia. The associations between lifestyle, educational activity and parental refractive history in relation to the development of myopia in children have been demonstrated in recent studies involving 366 to 1,249 children of Asian and non-Asian ethnicity.123–126
It is pertinent to highlight that in 1998, Rosenfield and Gilmartin127 noted that while myopia and near work are associated, efforts to show a causal connection are made difficult because of other environmental factors and it is difficult to separate genetic and environmental factors that influence the refractive development of the eye. The blurring of the separation between inherited risks and environmental risks is especially emphasised in papers by Dirani, Shekar and Baird,114,115 which make the point that educational attainment is not necessarily just an environmental factor and the same reasoning may apply to other risks that are being explored.

[Miopi]

Спс.Но серавно не понял до конца))

[Joker]

Ген - участок ДНК, матрица для штамповки белка. Морфологию как органов, так и всего организма генетика объяснить не может. Так что если у близоруких выявят некии специфические белки - то их синтез может быть заблокирован, а вот что получится после этого не знает никто.